Stress equation based scaling framework for adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers

This paper provides a framework for estimating appropriate turbulent velocity scales in adverse pressure gradient boundary layers (APG TBLs) via study of the mean stress balance. We examine APG TBLs using relationship between Reynolds shear and stress. It is reasoned that as distance from wall increases scaling transitions one dominated by wall-shear-stress scale, uτ, to A uhyb, proposed varies with combines pressure-stress-based velocity. investigation uses new high number (7000≲Reτ≲7800) experimental measurements, existing lower (600≲Reτ≲2000) computational (Reτ<700) data sets. The scale realizes similarity profiles degree superior achievable any wall-distance-independent when considering full extent flow domain.